The perception that the adjudicator of a dispute may be biased is an ever-present risk. The issue is not a trivial one, A long line of cases shows that it is not merely of some importance but is of fundamental importance that justice should not only be done but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done (R v Sussex Justices, ex parte McCarthy ([1924] 1 KB 256, [1923] All ER Rep 233)). A hypothetical question can be used to provide context. “Is it advisable for an employer to have a...










